1st Human case of H10N3 Bird Flu Found in China

 A 41-year-old man from china's Zhenjiang City has become the first human to be infected with the H10N3 strain of bird flu in the world.

A man from china's Zhenjiang City (Jiangsu Province) has become the first human to be infected with the H10N3 strain of bird flu

What has happened?

 41 year old man in china's eastern province of Jiangsu has been confirmed as the first human carse of infection with a rare strain of bird flu known as H10N3.

Beijing's National Health Commission (NHC) said on Tuesday.

First Human case of H10N3 Bird Flu Found in China

The man a resident of the city of Zhenjiang was hospitalized o April 28 and diagnosed with H10N3 on May 28, the health commission said. 

It did not details on how the man was infected.

What is Influenza?

Influenza- also knows as the flu -is a contagious viral infection that attacks your respiratory system.

Influenza viruses that infect humans can be classified into three main groups: A, B, and C.

Type A influenza infection can be serious and cause widespread outbreaks and disease.

Different Strains of Flu A

At least 131 different subtypes of influenza A virus have been detected in nature,

All but two of which can infect birds, according to the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), United States.

The influenza A virus has two proteins on its surface- hemagglutinin(H) and neuraminidase(N).

Both H & N have 18 and 11 different subtypes respectively, leading to different combinations such as H3N2 and H7N9.

There are some strains which only infect birds, while others can infect birds as well as mammals such as pigs, dogs, horses and also humans.

Wild aquatic birds are the natural hosts for most of these subtypes but the infection generally does not cause sickness in these birds.

Poultry birds such as chickens are more adversely affected.

How Many Of These Strains Can Infect Humans?

Mostly humans have only experienced infections by three different H types (H1, H2 and H3)  two different N types (N1 and N2).

Presently two subtypes H1N1 and H3N2, circulate among human beings, causing the seasonal flu epidemics.

Since these strains are well adapted to humans they are referred to as human flu rather than bird flu.

Whenever a new flu A Virus establishes itself in human, it can cause a pandemic, and four such pandemics have occurred sich 1918, Including- 

• The Spanish flu(H1N1)'
• The 1957-58 Asian flu(H2N2), 
• The 1968 Hong Kong flu(H3N2) and 
• The 2009 swine flu (newer version of the H1N1).

Why Does the Flu a virus have so many strain

Why Does The Flu A Virus Have So Many Strains?

Influenza A Virus mutates constantly.

This is because firstly, it is an RNA virus with a segmented genome, i.e. It has eight separate strands, which makes its copying prone to errors or mutations.

That is the reason why flu vaccines have to be updated regularly.

What About H10N3?

H10N3 is low pathogenic, which means it causes relatively less severe disease in poultry and is unlikely to cause a largescale outbreak, the Beijing's National Health Commission (NHC) said.

The man, a resident of the city of Zhenjiang, was hospitalised on April 28 and diagnosed with H10N3 on May 28.

It did not give details on how the man was infected.

His condition is now stable and he is ready to be discharged. Investigation of his close contacts found no other cases, the NHC said.

No other Cases Of human infection with H10N3 Have been reported globally, it added.

Bird flu

The World Health Organization(WHO), said:

"The source of the patient's exposure to the H10N3 virus is not known at this time,and no other case were found in emergency surveillance among the local population. 

At this time, there is no indication of human-to-human transmission.

CONCLUSION

Analysing the genetic data of the virus will be necessary to determine whether it resembles older viruses or if it is a novel mix of different viruses.

Many different strains of avian influenza are present in china and some sporadically infect people, usually those working with poultry.

There have been no significant numbers of human infections with bird flu since the H7N9 strain Killed around 300 people during 2016-2017.

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